SIZE : 120 cm for 2.5 kg.
LIFE EXPECTANCY : Around 9 years.
LIFE CYCLE : Adults live 2 to 3 years in the ocean before migrating to fresh water during spring and summer to reproduce.
Sea lamprey build a nest in the substrate, 60 cm to 90 cm wide. The male defends the nest, where the female lays around 230,000 eggs. Sea lampreys die after spawning.
After 10 to 15 days, the eggs hatch. The larvae, which are blind and toothless, develop over a period of 6 to 8 years, feeding on algae and plankton. The adult lampreys then migrate to the estuary and the open sea during autumn.
Fluid communication
Sea lampreys release pheromones through their skin to communicate. Males and females that are ready to reproduce use this chemical substance to attract each other.
The sea lamprey as an long, cylindrical body, like that of the eel. It has no scales. Its color is generally yellowish, marbled with brown and black on its back.
It has 3 fins and 7 branchial openings on each side of its small head.
Its circular mouth, which is wider than its body, is armed with several rows of cone-shaped teeth. It acts like a suction cup helping it to stick to other individuals. Its tongue pierces and scrapes the skin of its prey.
In the water column, over 4,000 m deep.
Sea lamprey can withstand temperatures ranging from 1 ° C to 20 ° C.
Its habitat varies throughout its life. Certain sea lamprey populations live in saltwater and migrate to fresh water to reproduce. It is an anadromous fish. Other populations spend their lives in freshwater lakes.
Credit : C. Krueger, GLFC
PREY :
Fish
Herrings
Salmons
Cods
Strugeons
PREDATORS :
Striped bass
Swordfishs
Sea lampreys (cannibal-ism)
The sea lamprey feeds on the blood and flesh of its prey. These will rarely survive.
Credit : Henk Heessen, photo taken in 2005.
No commercial fishing in Quebec.
The sea lamprey can cause significant economic losses for the fishing industry, due to the injuries it inflicts on fish of interest.
BENEFITS : Rich in protein and fatty acids, low in carbohydrates.
LET’S COOK : Fatty, soft, and tender texture. Earthy flavor and a pronounced taste, sometimes compared to that of meat.
Sea lamprey is not eaten as a fillet. It is cut and cooked in pieces. It has no bones, just a rigid dorsal structure that can give it a crunchy texture. This structure can also be removed.
OUR CULINARY ADVICE :
- It is important to clean the lamprey thoroughly, as the mucus covering its body can be toxic.
- If the fishmonger has not done so, the sea lamprey needs to be bled before cooking. The blood is traditionally saved and mixed with vinegar or wine. This mixture is used for cooking, in particularly in the recipe for lamprey à la Bordelaise.
- Long simmering times of 2 to 3 hours will make its flesh melt in your mouth.
- To lighten its taste, certain ingredients are recommended: garlic, thyme, bay leaves, onions, leeks, and red wine, preferably fruity with a hint of acidity.
A fish unlike any other
One of the characteristics of the great fish family is that they have jaws. Yet sea lampreys have none. They are therefore a very ancient species. They are also the only fish that must be bled before cooking.
